Breastfeeding is one of the most personal and powerful choices a parent can make. And when it comes to what goes into your body during that time, there’s no shortage of questions—especially with cannabis becoming more widely used and accepted. So, where does that leave marijuana and breastfeeding? Let’s break it down together, with facts, expert insight, and zero judgment.
Why This Topic Matters
First, the big picture. Cannabis use among pregnant and postpartum people is rising—especially in states where it’s legal. At the same time, breastfeeding offers incredible health benefits for both baby and mom: boosted immunity, bonding, and reduced risks of certain illnesses. So the big question is: Can you safely use marijuana while breastfeeding?
How Cannabis Enters Breast Milk
Here’s what we know: THC, the active ingredient in marijuana, is fat-soluble. That means it sticks around in the body longer—and it can get into breast milk. In fact, studies have shown THC can be detected in breast milk up to 6 days after use, and in some cases, even longer.
This includes all forms of cannabis: joints, vaping, edibles, oils, and even some topicals. CBD, the non-intoxicating compound in cannabis, is also under the microscope, but there’s not enough solid research yet to say it’s safe either.
THC vs. Alcohol in the Body
Unlike alcohol, which typically clears from breast milk in a few hours, THC can remain for days—or even weeks—due to its fat-soluble nature. That makes “pumping and dumping” ineffective.
What the Research Says About Marijuana and Risks
The science is still evolving, and while there’s no definitive list of harms, here are some key findings:
Infant Exposure
THC has been found in breastfed infants, though in small amounts. A few small studies suggest possible impacts on motor development, but the data isn’t conclusive. One study by Astley and Little (1990) suggested that exposure to THC in the first month may be linked to slightly reduced motor development at one year.
Lactation and Milk Supply
Cannabis may affect prolactin—a hormone essential for milk production. Some research shows it could lower milk supply or shorten the breastfeeding window.
Secondhand Smoke
Just like tobacco, cannabis smoke can affect babies if inhaled in the home. Passive exposure is a real concern.
Notable Research Findings on Marijuana and Breastfeeding
In one study led by Dr. Chambers at the University of California, San Diego, THC was found in 63% of 54 breast milk samples, even up to six days after last reported cannabis use. Though THC levels were low, the long-term effects on infants are still unknown. Additionally, pharmacologist Dr. Thomas Hale noted that in some heavy users, THC levels in breast milk were up to eight times higher than those in maternal blood plasma.
Tennes et al. (1985) studied 27 cannabis-exposed breastfed infants and found no significant difference in development compared to a control group, but the study was small and its findings are not conclusive.
Still, the biggest issue? A lack of high-quality, large-scale studies. Much of the existing research is outdated or based on lower-potency cannabis products.
What Health Experts Recommend
Most major health organizations take a cautious stance:
- CDC: Advises against using marijuana or CBD while breastfeeding.
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP): Recommends avoiding cannabis during breastfeeding due to unknown effects on infant development.
- ACOG (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists): Encourages mothers to stop cannabis use but supports breastfeeding even if a parent is unable to stop completely.
- FDA: Strongly advises against all cannabis product use while breastfeeding.
The takeaway? There is no known “safe amount,” and health bodies agree it’s best to avoid use altogether during breastfeeding.
What About Taking CBD While Breastfeeding?
A lot of people assume CBD is a safer bet, but here’s the deal: research on CBD and breastfeeding is almost nonexistent. Plus, many over-the-counter CBD products are unregulated and may contain THC or other contaminants. Until we know more, most experts recommend avoiding it too.
Real Talk: Why Some Moms Still Use Cannabis
Let’s be honest: Some breastfeeding parents turn to cannabis for stress, anxiety, sleep, or chronic pain relief. And in many cases, they feel left out of the conversation or judged by their providers. If you’re in this position, you deserve support, not shame.
Mental Health and Chronic Conditions
Cannabis can sometimes feel like a lifeline—especially for those dealing with postpartum depression, chronic pain, birth trauma, or even conditions like endometriosis. Some parents use cannabis to help restore appetite, which in turn supports their ability to maintain calorie intake needed for milk production.
Tips If You’re Navigating This
- Be open with your healthcare provider. They can help you weigh risks and explore safer options.
- Consider the form and frequency. Edibles might pose less secondhand risk than smoking, but THC still enters breast milk.
- Think about timing. Some people try to time use right after feeding or pumping, but THC lingers for days—not hours.
- Explore non-drug coping strategies: therapy, sleep support, mindfulness, and other tools can be game-changers.
Cannabis vs. Prescription Meds
Some parents also compare cannabis to prescription medications—especially antidepressants or anti-anxiety drugs—and feel that cannabis poses fewer risks or side effects. But it’s important to remember that prescribed medications are typically better studied and medically supervised. Always discuss your options with a trusted healthcare provider.
FAQs: Common Questions Answered
A: We don’t know. Because of the way THC builds up in breast milk and the unknowns around infant effects, experts say it’s best to avoid it altogether.
A: Not really. Unlike alcohol, THC doesn’t leave your milk after a few hours. It can stay in your system—and your milk—for several days or more.
A: You’re not alone. The key is to talk to your doctor, stop use if you can, and focus on creating a healthy environment going forward.
A: It depends. All substances come with risks, but because THC directly enters breast milk and stays longer, it raises unique concerns. Prescription medications are typically more closely studied in breastfeeding contexts.
Final Thoughts: Your Baby, Your Body, Your Call
At the end of the day, this isn’t about judgment—it’s about giving you the best, most accurate information so you can make informed choices. Breastfeeding is a beautiful, complex journey. If you have questions about cannabis use, speak openly with your provider, and know that you’re not alone.
No one has all the answers yet, but we do know this: your health and your baby’s health matter. And you deserve compassionate, evidence-based care every step of the way.
If you’re looking for support to quit cannabis or need help navigating breastfeeding questions, talk to your doctor or reach out to local lactation consultants and maternal health programs. You’ve got this.
References
- “Cannabis – Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®)” (NCBI) NCBI
- CDC – “Marijuana / Breastfeeding special circumstances” CDC
- Frontiers article “Cannabis Use in Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women” (2020) Frontiers
- ACOG guidance “Cannabis Use During Pregnancy and Lactation” (2025) ACOG
- Review article “Smoking Weed While Breastfeeding: Facts You Should Know” (Healthline) Healthline
- Lactation & breastfeeding specialist site: “Marijuana and Breastfeeding: Is it Safe?” (LactationNetwork) The Lactation Network
